Nowoczesne technologie w leczeniu dysfunkcji motorycznych spowodowane urazem rdzenia kręgowego.

Autorzy

Joanna Bączyk
Anna Krakowczyk, Katarzyna Grudnik, Eliza Barczyk, Wojciech Dobczyński, Dariusz Kucias
Anna Krakowczyk
Marta Tworuszka
Katarzyna Grudnik

Słowa kluczowe:

SCI, BCI, egzoszkielety, wirtualna rzeczywistość

Streszczenie

Uraz rdzenia kręgowego (SCI) to złożony stan neurologiczny, charakteryzujący się poważnymi zaburzeniami motorycznymi, czuciowymi i autonomicznymi. SCI obejmuje dwie fazy: pierwotną i wtórną. Pierwotna faza to natychmiastowy uraz mechaniczny, natomiast wtórna obejmuje kaskadę uszkodzeń wtórnych, które mogą trwać tygodniami i pogarszać stan pacjenta. SCI prowadzi do zaburzeń kontroli motorycznej i trudności funkcjonalnych, których stopień zależy od poziomu i zakresu uszkodzenia nerwu. Co roku na świecie od 250 000 do 500 000 osób doznaje urazu rdzenia kręgowego, a liczba ta stale rośnie. SCI znacząco wpływa na jakość życia pacjentów, ograniczając ich zdolność do wykonywania codziennych czynności.

Wsparcie technologiczne, takie jak interfejsy mózg-komputer, interfejsy mózg-kręgosłup i wirtualna rzeczywistość, może znacząco poprawić skuteczność terapii rehabilitacyjnych u osób z zaburzeniami ruchu. BCI i BSI mają ogromny potencjał w przywracaniu funkcji osobom z niepełnosprawnościami, umożliwiając kontrolę nad urządzeniami zewnętrznymi, takimi jak wózki inwalidzkie, oraz przywracanie połączeń między mózgiem a rdzeniem kręgowym.

Protezy neuromotoryczne, takie jak egzoszkielety kończyn górnych i dolnych, oraz miękkie rękawice robotyczne, znacząco poprawiają jakość życia pacjentów, ułatwiając im wykonywanie codziennych czynności. Terapia VR może skutecznie łagodzić ból neuropatyczny i poprawiać funkcje motoryczne, choć wymaga dalszych badań w celu jej optymalizacji. Dzięki tym zaawansowanym technologiom, osoby z SCI mogą zyskać większą niezależność i poprawić swoją jakość życia.

 

SCI, BCI, egzoszkielety, wirtualna rzeczywistość

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