Zastosowanie komórek macierzystych w leczeniu wybranych uszkodzeń rogówki

Ola Wybraniec; Wiktoria Wójcik; Damian Zieliński; Kamila Tokarczyk; Maria Żak

Zastosowanie komórek macierzystych w leczeniu wybranych uszkodzeń rogówki

Autorzy

Ola Wybraniec - Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Katedrze i Zakładzie Biofizyki im. prof. Zbigniewa Religi, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach; Wiktoria Wójcik - Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Katedrze i Zakładzie Biofizyki im. prof. Zbigniewa Religi, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach; Damian Zieliński - Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Katedrze i Zakładzie Biofizyki im. prof. Zbigniewa Religi, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach; Kamila Tokarczyk - Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Katedrze i Zakładzie Biofizyki im. prof. Zbigniewa Religi, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach; Maria Żak - Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Katedrze i Zakładzie Biofizyki im. prof. Zbigniewa Religi, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach

Słowa kluczowe:

rogówka, zespół niedoboru komórek macierzystych rąbka rogówki, dystrofia śródbłonkowa Fuchsa, komórki macierzyste, Holoclar®

Streszczenie

Rogówka to najbardziej zewnętrzny element układu optycznego oka o największej sile załamywania światła. Jakiekolwiek wady w jej budowie mogą skutkować zmętnieniem, zaburzonym widzeniem, a nawet ślepotą. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie dwóch wybranych schorzeń rogówki, tj. niewydolności komórek macierzystych rąbka - LSCD i dystrofii Fuchsa, wraz z przeglądem metod leczenia z perspektywami wykorzystania komórek macierzystych. Aby zapewnić prawidłową i cykliczną regenerację rogówki, niezbędna jest obecność komórek macierzystych rąbka rogówki - LESC, których utrata doprowadza do rozwoju LSCD. Możliwości terapii farmakologicznej LSCD są ograniczone, a dotychczasowe metody zabiegowe mają kilka istotnych wad. Dzięki namnażaniu LESC ex vivo, innowacyjny i skuteczny preparat Holoclar® nie stwarza ryzyka wywołania LSCD w zdrowym oku pacjenta oraz nie wiąże się ze skomplikowaną procedurą. Dystrofia Fuchsa to schorzenie charakteryzujące się zniszczeniem komórek śródbłonka, a w konsekwencji zmętnieniem rogówki, zaburzeniami unerwienia i obustronnym obrzękiem zrębu lub warstw nabłonka. Jest najczęstszym wskazaniem do keratoplastyki. Jednak z powodu pogłębiającego się niedoboru dawców, obecnie poszukuje się nowych metod terapii z wykorzystaniem komórek macierzystych, co owocuje obiecującymi badaniami na modelach zwierzęcych. Prawidłowe widzenie jest niezwykle ważne dla właściwego funkcjonowania i percepcji otaczającego świata, stąd w niniejszym rozdziale przedstawiono dotychczasowe osiągnięcia medycyny regeneracyjnej oka z podkreśleniem potrzeby jej dalszego rozwoju.

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