Koliste RNA w nowotworach: mechanizmy, funkcje i perspektywy terapeutyczne
Synopsis
Koliste RNA (circRNA) to unikalna klasa niekodujących RNA o zamkniętej strukturze pierścieniowej, pełniąca istotne funkcje w biologii komórki i nowotworzeniu. Wykazują wysoką stabilność, specyficzną ekspresję tkankową i zdolność do oddziaływania z innymi cząsteczkami, takimi jak mikroRNA (miRNA) oraz białka. Mechanizmy biogenezy circRNA obejmują różne formy składania eksonów i intronów, co pozwala na ich klasyfikację oraz zróżnicowane funkcje biologiczne. CircRNA uczestniczą w regulacji ekspresji genów poprzez sekwestrację miRNA, interakcje z białkami oraz modulowanie procesów transkrypcyjnych i translacyjnych. W kontekście nowotworów pełnią zarówno funkcje onkogenne, jak i supresorowe, wpływając na proliferację, apoptozę, angiogenezę i przerzuty. Wśród nowotworów, w których circRNA odgrywają istotną rolę, znajdują się rak piersi, jelita grubego, płuc, wątrobowokomórkowy (HCC), żołądka oraz nowotwory układu moczowego. Ze względu na wysoką stabilność i obecność w płynach ustrojowych, circRNA wykazują potencjał jako biomarkery nowotworowe o wysokiej swoistości i czułości diagnostycznej. Mogą być również celem terapii, m.in. poprzez technologie RNA interference, oligonukleotydy antysensowne oraz narzędzia edycji genomu, co otwiera nowe możliwości w leczeniu nowotworów. Analiza dostępnych badań pozwala na identyfikację kluczowych aspektów roli circRNA w nowotworach oraz wskazuje na potrzebę dalszych badań nad ich funkcją, mechanizmami działania i potencjalnym zastosowaniem klinicznym. Rozwój metod detekcji oraz strategii terapeutycznych opartych na circRNA może przyczynić się do postępu w diagnostyce i leczeniu nowotworów, stanowiąc nowy kierunek w onkologii molekularnej. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono przegląd znanych informacji dotyczących kolistych RNA w kontekście nowotworów, ich rolę i potencjał oraz przede wszystkim innowacyjne drogi terapii z wykorzystaniem tych struktur.
References
Referencje
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August 6, 2025
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