Rak pęcherzyka żółciowego - przegląd aktualnej wiedzy i perspektywy
Keywords:
rak pęcherzyka żółciowego, pęcherzyk żółciowy, kamica żółciowa, immunoterapiaSynopsis
Rak pęcherzyka żółciowego to nowotwór o złym rokowaniu i ograniczonych możliwościach terapeutycznych. Podstawowym badaniem w jego diagnostyce jest ultrasonografia. Objawy choroby są skąpe i nieswoiste, przez co rozpoznanie jest często stawiane zbyt późno. Radykalna resekcja pozostaje jedyną metodą skutecznego wyleczenia, ale kwalifikuje się do niej tylko niewielki odsetek pacjentów z chorobą we wczesnym stadium zaawansowania. Dla wielu osób leczenie ogranicza się do opieki paliatywnej opartej głównie na chemioterapii. Obecnie praktykuje się modele leczenia skojarzonego w zaawansowanym raku pęcherzyka żółciowego. Współczesne badania analizują skuteczność chemioterapii neoadjuwantowej, radiochemioterapii, terapii celowanej oraz immunoterapii. Immunoterapia oparta na przeciwciałach anty-PD-1 i anty-PD-L1 w połączeniu z chemioterapią wydaje się być obiecująca i korzystnie wpływać na rokowanie pacjentów. Podstawowym problemem w opracowywaniu odpowiedniego leczenia raka pęcherzyka żółciowego pozostaje niewystarczająca liczba badań skupiających się na tej konkretnej jednostce chorobowej. Niniejszy artykuł skupia się na omówieniu współczesnych metod terapeutycznych oraz perspektyw dotyczących innowacyjnych opcji leczenia tego nowotworu.
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June 19, 2025
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