Rola układu immunologicznego w rozwoju schizofrenii – droga zrozumienia choroby i jej terapii?
Słowa kluczowe:
schizofrenia, zapalenie, psychoneuroimmunologia, mikroglej, terapiaStreszczenie
Schizofrenia jest chorobą psychiczną stanowiącą poważny problem społeczny, a także znacząco wpływająca na jakość życia dotkniętych nią osób. Występują w niej objawy pozytywne, negatywne i dotyczące sfery kognitywnej. Obecnie dostępne leczenie przeciwpsychotyczne pozwala na redukcję objawów pozytywnych (wytwórczych), jednak ma tylko niewielki wpływ na objawy negatywne i funkcje poznawcze pacjenta, będące kluczowe dla codziennego funkcjonowania. Pojawiające się dowody na korelację między stanem zapalnym, a rozwojem schizofrenii mogą otworzyć drogę do zrozumienia wciąż niejasnej patogenezy tej choroby oraz pozwolić na rozwój nowych terapii. Prawdopodobnie kluczową rolę odgrywają komórki mikrogleju, będące rezydualnymi makrofagami w ośrodkowym układzie nerowym. Ich zaburzenie może prowadzić do uszkodzenia tkanki nerwowej, nieprawidłowego trzebienia synaps oraz aberracji w funkcjonowaniu obwodów neuronalnych. Zjawiska te mogą prowadzić do zaburzeń pozytywnych jak i negatywnych, a zastosowanie leczenia przeciwzapalnego lub wpływającego na komórki mikrogleju wykazuje skuteczność w leczeniu schizofrenii
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