Białko tau - postęp strategii w leczeniu choroby Alzheimera
Słowa kluczowe:
neurologia, choroby degeneracyjne, choroba alzheimera, białko tauStreszczenie
Demencja, zaburzenia otępienne to jednostki chorobowe, które utrudniają znacznie chorym codzienne funkcjonowanie, a także mogą w szczególnych przypadkach narażać ich oraz ich bliskich na niebezpieczeństwo. Ze względu na starzejące się społeczeństwo, szacuje się, iż liczba pacjentów z chorobą Alzheimera wzrośnie dwukrotnie do 2050 r. Ta przewlekle postępująca choroba, w której chorzy tracą osobowość i orientację oraz zapominają o podstawowych rzeczach, zainteresowała wielu lekarzy, którzy zaczęli obserwować jej przebieg i objawy. Rozwój nowych metod badawczych tj. mikroskop elektronowy czy badania histologiczne, umożliwiły dokładniejsze badanie anatomii mózgu i poznawanie patomechanizmu tego schorzenia. Dziś badania wskazują na istnienie dwóch kluczowych struktur biorących udział w patofizjologii choroby Alzheimera – β-amyloidu oraz białka tau. Nagromadzenie amyloidu w płytkach nerwowych oraz splątki fibrylarne powstałe wskutek odkładania się białka tau w cytoplazmie neuronów, prowadzą do neurodegeneracji. Dotychczas nie istnieje lek, dający szansę na całkowicie wyleczenie. Obecna farmakoterapia chorych skupia się na leczeniu objawowym, która w pewnym stopniu i do pewnego czasu pozwala na lepszy komfort życia. Naukowcy dążą do stworzenia terapii, która będzie ograniczała powstawanie zmian neurodegeneracyjnych oraz cofała te, które zdążyły się utworzyć. Celem tej pracy jest przybliżenie tematu patofizjologii choroby Alzheimera, a zwłaszcza zaprezentowanie białka tau i jego roli w toczących się patomechanizmach oraz przedstawienie aktualnych badań i postępów w leczeniu chorych na chorobę Alzheimera.
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Opublikowane
13 lipca 2024
Prawa autorskie (c) 2024 Robert Kasza; Lidia Ziętek, Monika Mielcarek, Sara Salam, Julia Hagno
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Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
