Fluorescencyjne wskaźniki aktywności neuronalnej i ich optymalizacja, jako narzędzie do analizy fizjologii mózgu
Słowa kluczowe:
fluorescencyjne wskaźniki, obrazowanie fluorescencyjne, GECI, GENI, farmakoterapiaStreszczenie
Neurobiolodzy nadal mają w dużym stopniu zawężoną wiedzę na temat wpływu zmian zachodzących w neuronach podczas przetwarzania informacji w mózgu zwierząt a tym bardziej ludzi. Aby poznać schemat, w jaki sposób sieci neuronowe są zdolne do kodowania oraz przechowywania danych trzeba zrozumieć proces pobierania przez nie informacji. Z tego względu konieczne jest śledzenie dynamicznych interakcji większych grup pojedynczych komórek w półkulach mózgu i nie tylko. Za pomocą metody obrazowania fluorescencyjnego jonów wapnia (Ca²⁺) możliwe jest analizowanie aktywności setek neuronów w mózgu między innymi u myszy, co umożliwia perspektywy badawcze całych sieci neuronowych. Dzięki genetycznie połączonym wskaźnikom Ca²⁺ neurony mogą być identyfikowane ze względu na ich genetyczny podtyp bądź połączenia. Rozwój w obrazowaniu przy użyciu fluorescencji umożliwił również obrazowanie neurotransmiterów i neuromodulatorów umożliwiając obrazowanie nie tylko aktywności neuronalnej ale i wpływu neuromodulatorów na konkretne receptory. Łącząc dostępne nowe technologie obrazowania neuronów oraz liczne badania, naukowcy mają szansę na poznanie schematu kodowania neuronowego w procesie przetwarzania bólu, dotyku oraz wielu innych istotnych sygnałów somatosensorycznych w mózgu człowieka. Poniższa praca ma na celu usystematyzowanie wiedzy na temat czujników fluorescencyjnych, drogi rozszerzania ich czułości, swoistości oraz jasności fluorescencji, która umożliwiła zastosowanie ich w badaniach nad mechanizmami mózgowymi. Podkreśla również istotę dalszego rozwijania metod obrazowania stosowanych w analizie bodźców neurochemicznych i farmakoterapii.
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Opublikowane
7 lipca 2024
Prawa autorskie (c) 2024 Kamila Tokarczyk, Damian Zieliński, Maria Żak, Karolina Sas, Kinga Dworak, Natalia Trędota
Licencja
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
